Author: Andreas Leupold

neutral territory

AI Compute in Neutral Territory: Which Rules of Hague Convention V Apply?

2026-10-15

Machine-to-machine deception

Machine-to-Machine Deception and Perfidy: Which Signal, What Protection?

2026-10-08

deepfakes and perfidy

Deepfakes and Perfidy: Whose Voice, What Protection?

2026-09-29

military objective by purpose

Military Objective by Purpose: Oil Refineries and the Limits of Convertibility

2026-09-10

Cyber Attack Attribution

Cyber Attack Attribution: Who Pays When the Commander Is Wrong?

2026-08-18

disengagement

Nothing Left to Take Down: Disengagement from Direct Participation When the Capability Runs On

2026-08-06

direct participation in hostilities

Taking a Direct Part in Hostilities: When, and For How Long, Civilians Lose Protection

2026-07-30

hors de combat

The Protection of Persons Hors de Combat under Article 41 AP I

2026-07-28

The Legal Adviser in AI-Enabled Operations

Available When It Matters: The Legal Adviser in AI-Enabled Operations under Article 82

2026-07-16

The duty of constant care

The Duty of Constant Care under Article 57 AP I: Rule or Principle?

2026-07-08